之七
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eredsubstancessuchasdC70.Therefore,theabovethreestistsarethefirsttomanufacturedearth,andtheyalsojointlywontheNobelPrizein1996. In1985,ProfessorQuaitofStanfordUyandGerdBinningandHeinrichRohrerofIBMjointlyiedtheatomiicroscope.Italsousesaprobetosthesurfaceoftheobject.Whentheprobeapproachestheobjeeasured,aforceisgeedbetweentheprobeandtheobject,whibeattractiveorrepulsive,andbeusedtoanalyzethesurfaceoftheobject.shape.Mostimportantly,theobjectsthatthisinstrumentobservearenotonlysemiductorsormetals,butalsoinsutors.Nowmanybiologicalsampleshavebeenobservedusingthiskindofequipment. 1985年,史丹福大学的奎特教授以及IBM的格尔德·宾宁及海因里希·罗雷尔共同发明了原子力显微镜。它也是利用一根探针来扫描物T的表面,当探针靠近待测物T时,探针与物T之间产生作用力,这作用力可